INGAGI N’UBUKERARUGENDO
Mu bukungu bw’igihugu, bakunda kuvugamo cyanecyane amabuye y’agaciro acukurwa n’amariba ya peterori. Nyamara kuri ubu, ubundi bukungu kimeza bumaze gutezwa imbere mu bihugu byinshi bushingiye ku bukerarugendo. Ngayo amashyamba abikiriye inyamaswa zashize mu zindi ntara z’isi, ngibyo ibiyaga n’inkombe ziriho agasenyi gashyushye, ngibyo ibirunga nyamuraza bicumbeka iyo ijoro ryiroshye cyangwa bikavumbura amahindure. Ubwo bukungu bushingiye ku bukerarugendo ni bwo tutabuze mu Rwanda. Ishyamba ry’Akagera n’inyamaswa z’akangari zirituye, ibiyaga byuzuye amafi n’imvubu, biteye amabengeza. Ishyamba ryo mu birunga ribamo inguge zitwa “ingagi” zashize mu zindi mpande z’isi.
Ingagi ni yo nguge isa n’umuntu kurusha izindi. Ingagi zirimo amoko abiri y’ingenzi: izo ku nkombe y’imigezi ziboneka muri Kameruni no muri Santarafurika n’izo mu misozi miremire zisigaye mu cyanya k’ibirunga honyine. Ingagi ishobora kugira uburebure bwa metero ebyiri igapima ibiro 250. Ifite amatwi asa cyane n’ay’umuntu; amaso yayo ni mato, aregeranye kandi arahenengeye, naho izuru ryayo rirabwataraye cyane. Nta murizo igira nk’izindi nyamaswa. Kimwe n’umuntu, ingagi zigira amenyo 32, ariko amabwene yayo agatema cyane n’ibintu bikomeye. Igira ubwoya bw’ikijuju, uretse mu maso no mu gituza. Ishobora kugendesha amaguru abiri n’ubwo kenshi igendera kuri ane. Ingagi zikunda kubana ari nka 15 cyangwa 20, zikayoboka ingabo irusha izindi amaboko. Zirirwa zimuka zishaka ibyo zirya, bwakwira zigasasa zikaryama, ingabo hasi, ingore n’inzana mu biti. Iyo zitewe, zigerageza gukura umutima ikiziteye, zigahonda ku gituza nk’uvuza ingoma zinasakuza cyane. Muri icyo gihe na zo zishobora kurwana.
Ingore ihaka amezi ikenda, ikonsa arindwi cyangwa umunani. Agahinja karahagatirwa, kamara gufatika kagahekwa. Kubyara impanga ntibikunda kubaho mu ngagi. Muri iyi myaka, hari ba rushimusi bifuza gutega ingagi ngo bazijyane kuzikoreraho ubushakashatsi. Abo ni abajura ntibateza u Rwanda imbere.
Hakaba n’abandi nka Nyakwigendera Diane FOSSEY biyemeje kudufasha kuzirwanaho. Nitubatere ingabo mu bitugu, tugirira ko izo ngagi ari izacu zikaba zinasa natwe kandi zikaba zinakamwa amadevize atuma igihugu cyacu gitera imbere. Tuzireke zisanzure mu Rwanda rwacu tunazisure tumenye uko zibaho.
IGICE CYA MBERE: KUMVA NO GUSESENGURA UMWANDIKO (amanota 30)
- Uyu mwandiko ni bwoki ki? Sobanura igisubizo cyawe.
Uyu ni umwandiko mvugamiterere, uragaragaza ibyiza bikurura ba mukerarugendo mu Rwanda muri rusange, hanyuma bakibanda ku miterere y’ingagi.
2. Ni ayahe mashyamba avugwa muri uyu mwandiko?
Muri uyu mwandiko haravugwa ishyamba ry’Akagera, n’ishyamba ryo mu Birunga.
3. Ayo mashyamba afitiye Abanyarwanda kamaro ki?
Ayo mashyamba acumbikiye inyamaswa, ba mukerarugendo baza kureba bakishyura amafaranga.
4. Rondora ibyiza bireshya ba mukerarugendo bivugwa muri uyu mwandiko.
Ibyiza bireshya ba mukerarugendo bivugwa muri uyu mwandiko ni amashyamba abamo inyamaswa zashize mu zindi ntara z’isi, ibiyaga n’inkombe ziriho agasenyi gashyushye, n’ibirunga.
5. Mu bikurura ba mukerarugendo, ingagi ifite uwuhe mwihariko?
Ingagi yo mu birunga ifite umwihariko ko ba mukerarugendo nta handi ku isi bayisanga uretse mu Rwanda honyine.
6. Gereranya imiterere y’ingagi n’iy’umuntu (ibintu bitanu byibuze).
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5. Ingagi ziryama he? Utekereza ko ari ukubera iki?
Ingagi z’ingabo ziryama hasi, ingore n’inzana zikaryama mu biti. Ni ukugira ngo niziterwa ingabo zihite zitabara.
6. Ni ba nde bashaka kubangamira ingagi? Bashobora gusohoza imigambi yabo? Kubera iki?
Abashaka kubangamira ingagi ni ba rushimusi bifuza gutega ingagi ngo bazijyane kuzikoreraho ubushakashatsi. Imigambi yabo iburizwamo n’abantu biyemeje kuzirwanaho.
7. Uretse ingagi, vuga ubundi bwoko bw’inguge uzi.
Ubundi bwoko bw’inguge :
- Igitera,
- Inkende
- Icyondi
- Inkima
8. Sobanura amagambo akurikira ukurikije inyito afite mu mwandiko:
Inyamaswa akangari : Inyamaswa zitagira umubare, nyinshi cyane
Ubukerarugendo : Ingendo abantu bakunda gukora mu gihugu cyabo cyangwa mu bihugu by’amahanga bihera amaso ku byiza bahasanze.
Kubikira : Ni ukuguyaguya umwana kugira ngo asinzire. Hano bishatse kuvuga ko mu mashyamba y’u Rwanda inyamaswa zifashwe neza.
Icyanya : Ni ahantu h’ishyamba cyangwa h’umukenke inyamaswa zikunda kwibera.
Iyo ijoro ryiroshye : Iyo ijoro rigeze, riguye
IGICE CYA KABIRI: IKIBONEZAMVUGO (amanota 25)
11. Amagambo yanditse atsindagiye ni bwoko ki ?
a) Nasanze ibyiza babimaze.
Byiza: Izina ntera
b) Serugarukiramfizi yari umushumba rwoma.
Yari: : Inshinga nkene/ mburabuzi
Rwoma: Igisantera
c) Ni gake ngera i Kigali.
Gake: Umugereka w’inshuro
d)Bihakane se turebe!
Se: Akamamo
e) Apu! Uriya ni imbwa gusa!
Apu : Irangamutima
12. Tanga ingero z’amazina aboneka hakoreshejwe ikomorazina mvazina ku
magambo akurikira :
Umugabo : Abagabo, Ikigabo
Inka : Agaka, Ibika
Ijisho: Akajisho, Ikijisho
Umugano : Urugano, Ikigano
13. Erekana uturango twa ntera wifashishije ingero.
-Ntera igaragira izina
Urugero: Umugabo munini
-Ntera isobanura izina igaragiye
Urugero: Icyatsi kibisi
-Ntera ijya mu nteko zose
Urugero: Umwana muto, inzu nto, ahantu hato
-Ntera yisanisha n’izina igaragiye
Urugero: Umugore mugufi.
14. Mu nteruro ikurikira, garagaza : uburyo, igihe, ngenga, indango, ijyana,
irebero n’ingiro by’inshinga itondaguye. “Igikakarubamba kivura indwara nyinshi”
Kivura
- Uburyo: Ikirango
- Igihe: Indagihe
- Ngenga: Gatatu ubumwe
- Indango: Yemeza
- Injyana: Nyacyuzuzo
- Irebero: Nkomeza
- Ingiro: Nkora
IGICE CYA GATATU: UBUMENYI RUSANGE BW’URURIMI (amanota 30)
15) Andika imigani y’imigenurano yerekana ko:
A. Kutumvira ababyeyi bizana ingaruka.
✓Utumviye se na nyina yumvira ijeri
B. Abana bakwiye kwita ku babyeyi babo no kubafasha bageze mu zabukuru.
✓Urukwavu rukuze rwonka abana.
C. Umwana ubuze nyina akiri muto ababara, akagira ubuzima bubi.
✓Iyo inkoko ivuye mu magi arabora
D. Ibyago bisimburana n’ibindi byago, ibibazo bikurwa n’ibindi bibazo.
✓Agahinda gashira akandi ari ibagara
E. Umuntu w’umukene naho yavuga ijambo ryiza nta wuriha agaciro.
✓Uwambaye injamba ntagira ijambo
16. Erekana impande enye z’ingenzi zigize ikiganiro mpaka.
- Abashyigikiye insanganyamatsiko
- Abadashyigikiye insanganyamatsiko
- Umuyobozi w’ikiganiro
- Indorerezi
17. Tanga ingero eshanu (5) z’ubuvanganzo nyemvugo bwo muri rubanda.
- Imigani miremire,
- Insigamigani,
- Imigani migufi cyangwa imigenurano,
- Indahiro,
- Ibitekerezo bya rubanda,
- ibisakuzo,
- Ibyivugo by’amahomvu,
- Amahamba, amahigi,
- Amasare (indirimbo z’abasare),
- Amagorane,
- Ibitongero (mu kuragura, guterekera, kuvura, kugombora…),
- Indirimbo z’imandwa,
- Imbyino,
- Ibihozo (iby’abana n’iby’abageni)
- Ibyidogo by’abahinzi b’ubudehe cyangwa abandi bantu bitabiriye umurimo wa rusange...
18) Mu bisakuzo :
A. Tanga imimaro itatu y’ibisakuzo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.
- Ibisakuzo bifasha abana ndetse n’abakuru gukora imyitozo mfuturamvugo igamije kubamenyereza gutekereza
- Kuvuga badategwa no kumenya gufindura imvugo zidanangiye kandi bikabatoza umuco
- Bikanabamenyesha amateka.
B. Andika ibisakuzo bica mu buryo bukurikira :
- Igisabo : Mama arusha nyoko amabuno Manini
- Ikirago: Mama nshuti
- Isekuru : Mfite umukobwa wange uje wese adumbamo
- Imyugariro: Abana bange barara bahagaze bwacya bakaryama
- Ifundi: Abana bange bangana bose
19) Ubutinde n’amasaku:
(a) Tandukanya amagambo yandikwa atya ukurikije ubutinde n’amasaku kandi ugabanya ibimenyetso .
- ibiro(bakoreramo) Ibiro ≠ Ibirô (uburemere)
- gufungura (urugi) Gufuunguura ≠ Gufuungura (kurya)
- ubwenge (imyobo mito) Ubweênge ≠ Ubwêenge.(ubuhanga)
(b) Andika interuro ikurikira ugaragaza ubutinde n’amasaku kandi ugabanya ibimenyetso:
Umusore n’umukobwa baje/ Umusôre n’ûmukoôbwa baaje.
IGICE CYA KANE: IHANGAMWANDIKO (amanota 15)
20) Hanga umwandiko mvugamiterere ugaragaza imiturire y’aho utuye.
Nturenze imirongo makumyabiri n’itanu (25).
Muri iyi nyandiko tugiye kuguha imbata igaragaza umwandiko umeze neza.
Umutwe: Uzaze usure Nyamwezi iwacu.
Intangiriro: Nyamwezi ni mu karere ka Nyamata, aho uhagaze hose uba ukiteheye. Ni agasozi bamukerarugendo barenga ibihumbi icumi (10,000) basura. Aba bakerarugendo bakunze gusura imisozi myiza ihari, pariki ikize ku binyabuzima bya moko yose, ndetse bahakundira n’akayaga keza kahaba.
Igihimba: Mbere na mbere Nyamwezi ifite imisozi ibereye ijisho. Aka gace ka Nyamwezi gaherereye munsi y’umusozi wa Nyangwe, ibi bikaba bituma abantu enshi bakunda kuyisura cyane. Iyo uhagaze kuri uyu musozi wa Nyangwe uba ubona Nyamezi isa nk’ikikijwe n’ingombyi ya Edeni kubera imyaka ihinzemo isa icyatsi, bikaba akarusho noneho mu rukerera akazuba kari kurasa.
Ku rundi ruhande, iki kibaya cya Nyamwezi gifite pariki nziza cyane mu gihugu. Iyi pariki irimo ibinyabuzima by’ubwoko bwose, ibyinshi bitakigaragara henshi muri iyi Isi ya Nyagasani. Muri ibyo binyabuzima twavugamo : nk’inyoni bita umusambi itakigaragara henshi mu Rwanda kubera barushimusi bakundaga kuzisagararira. Si iyo nyoni gusa kandi, ahubwo harimo inkima, imbogo, inzovu, isha, ndetse n’izindi nyamaswa nyishi.
Ikiyongeyeho kuri iyo pariki ni uko iyo pariki ikikijwe n’ikiyaga kiza cyane. Abakerarugendo benshi iki kiyaga bakunze kukita shira umunaniro, kubera ko iyo wari unaniwe cg wumva ufite ibibazo bya hato na hato uza gutembera kuri iki kiyaga akayaga keza kamvanze ubushyuhe n’ubukonje gatuma umurerwa neza mu mubiri.
Ntitwakirengagiza kandi n’ibikorwa remezo byorohereza abahasura kuhagera. Aka gace gafite imihanda myiza y’umukara, amazi meza y’urubogobogo, ndetse n’inzu z’imyidagaduro, urugero ni ikigo cy’urubyiruko duherutse gutaha vuba twidagadurira, tugatarama bigatinda. Ibi byose bituma abahatuye ndetse n’abahagenga bagira ubuzima bwiza.
(Umusozo) Muri make, navuga ko nkukumbuje gusura Nyamwezi kubera imisozi myiza, ibiaga, ndetse na pariki. Nkukumbuje gusura aka gace k’amahoro n’ubuzima.
Ikitonderwa: Mu kwandindika ntuzashyireho ibi “Umwandiko, Igimba, n’umusozo” nabikoze kugirango nkwereke uko biba bigabanyijemo.
Ntuzarenze imirongo cyangwa amagambo bakubwiye, aha ashobora kuba yarenze ariko ni uko nagiye nandikaho biriya maze kubabuza haruguru.
Gushimira:
Munyemerere nshimire ikigo kiguhugu gishinzwe gusuma ndetse no gutanga ibizamini mu Rwanda (NESA) kubwo umahate ndetse n’imbaraga zitagereranywa bashyira mu guteza imbere uburere ndetse n’ubumenyi mu Rwanda.
Tubashimiye kubera ko iki kigo (NESA) ari cyo cyateguye iki kizamini twakosoraga.
Andika ibizamini ushaka ko tugukosorera.


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